What is Neurodiversity?

Neurodiversity refers to the limitless variability of human nervous systems on the planet, in which no two can ever be exactly alike due to the influence of environmental factors.

But what does that mean?

It is the concept that neurological differences (such as our brain’s wiring, development and functioning) are a natural and valuable part of human diversity. No two brains are anatomically identical, therefore each brain develops and functions differently, leading to variation in how one thinks, feels and behaves. The term neurodiversity emphasises that those variations in how individuals think, process information, and behave, should be viewed as differences rather than deficits or disorders.

So, what is neurodivergence? While all brains are unique, there are patterns of development and functioning that are more common, and those that are less common. Neurotypical individuals possess the “majority brain”; they process information, experience the world around them and behave in ways that are considered “typical” (Baron-Cohen, 2017). Neurodivergence refers to variations in cognitive functioning, neurological development, and behavioural traits that differ from what is considered “neurotypical.”

Neurodivergence is often utilised as an umbrella term for those whose neurological functioning differs from societal norms. This can often encompass autism (referred to as Autism Spectrum Disorder), ADHD, sensory processing differences, dyslexia, learning differences, and many other manifestations of an individual’s cognitive, social and psychological capacities that society would label as “divergent” from the norm. But, how does society define what’s “normal” anyway?

The social model of disability is a framework that views disability as the result of societal barriers rather than an inherent limitation within the individual. It emphasises the role of inaccessible environments, discriminatory attitudes, and systemic structures in creating difficulties for people with disabilities. This model contrasts with the medical model of disability, which focuses on diagnosing, treating, or “curing” the individual’s condition. (Bonus content – see link: https://youtu.be/OgQQ-1TmCaQ?si=4breCagu2vYr-Nw9 for a helpful animation by the Welsh Government, on the social model of disability).

So where to from here?

The neurodiversity-affirmative model is a framework for understanding and supporting neurodivergent individuals that values neurodiversity as a natural and positive variation of human experience. It moves away from pathologising neurodivergence and instead focuses on fostering acceptance, empowerment, and accommodation. At SK Psychology, we acknowledge divergence and take a person centred, strengths based approach to reduce stigma, challenge systemic inequities, celebrate neurodivergent voices in the design and delivery of services, and advocate for creating inclusive and collaborative environments.

Reference:
Baron-Cohen S. Editorial Perspective: Neurodiversity – a revolutionary concept for autism and psychiatry. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2017 Jun;58(6):744-747. doi: 10.1111/jcpp.12703. PMID: 28524462.